Ten days ago we published an essay from David Walters, a retired power plant operator and member of Socialist Organizer that argued the case for nuclear energy. We are posting here a response from Steve Ongerth, an IWW member who is very much involved in the environmental movement and currently writing a book about the environmental activist, Judi Barri. Like David Walters' piece, the views expressed are his own and not the views of Facts For Working People. RM
Capital Blight: a Green-Syndicalist Responds to David Walters "Socialist" Defense of Nuclear Energy
by Steve Ongerth
November 22, 2013
Disclaimer: The views expressed here are not the official position of the IWW (or even the IWW’s EUC) and do not necessarily represent the views of anyone but the author’s.
I read with interest David Walters's recent article, "A Socialist Defends Nuclear Energy, wondering what I would find. I soon discovered there was very little credible "defense" and for that matter, not much "socialism" (other than the citation of various Marxist quotations that Marx and Engels would have bristled at given their context here) in it. In fact, it read to me as a typical capitalist defense of its standard operations wrapped in a rather threadbare and tattered red flag.
Michael Friedman has thoroughly debunked Walters's claims about the "safety" of (conventional) nuclear (fission) energy and the "ease" at dealing with the nuclear waste in his own piece so there is no utility in elaborating further on that matter. It is my intention to address the issues that Friedman didn't cover.
To begin with, if David Walters is so willing to overlook peer reviewed science and factual evidence that clearly shows that conventional nuclear fission energy is unsafe and the problem of nuclear waste not easily handled, he may as well also argue in favor of thorium based breeder reactors, nuclear fusion power, fracking, tar sands, "clean" coal, or even hydrogen fuel cells which are equally questionable technologies (and please note that I am not arguing in favor of any of these things here, though I think hydrogen fuel cells are worth a look at least).
Additionally, Walters lumps in all greens into a single, monolithic group, dominated by primitivism and Malthusianism. This is as inaccurate as arguing that all communists take their marching orders from Stalin. This is the rhetoric one expects to hear from the most reactionary elements of the capitalist class's punditocracy rather than an informed anti-capitalist. To me this is a clear indication that his entire argument is mere propaganda and has very little substance.
I don't think I need to belabor the point that the environmental movement is as multifaceted as the socialist one. The primitivists and Malthusians are merely two, very small--if highly vocal--factions within it. There are social ecologists, influenced by the works of Murray Bookchin and Janet Biel, Eco-Socialists, represented by John Bellamy Foster and Ian Angus. I count myself among the green syndicalists whose class struggle ecology is inspired by Judi Bari, Graham Purchase, and Jeff Shantz. And those are merely the radicals.
Only a capitalist ideologue would lump all forms of socialism into a single camp and paint a caricature of it to match the very worst aspects of a brutal dictatorship lead by one Josef Stalin. Why then does David Walters likewise dismiss the environmentalists thusly?
Moving on from there, Walters dismisses renewable energy as being an insignificant pipe dream, opining that providing all of the current world's needs with renewable energy is fantasy. However he provides not a single shred of evidence to support such a negative conclusion. As a matter of fact, there's plenty of evidence [1, 2, 3] that 100% renewable energy is not only possible within the 21st Century, but already on course to happen quicker than anyone anticipates.
Claims to the contrary (without any corroborating evidence of course) are quite common, and they can usually be traced back to the fossil fuel and nuclear power industry. Their claims are based on utterly mistaken notions, including the myths that renewables are intermittent, not cost effective, too expensive, and dependent upon fossil fuels and nuclear power. In fact, not a single one of these claims is true.
Just to be absolutely clear, my definition of renewables means existing, proven technologies, including primarily solar (electric and thermal), wind, wave and tidal, geothermal, and small scale hydro power. I am including both distributed and utility scale deployment of each. I am not talking about (or are in favor of) that are (deliberately) mislabeled "renewable" by the capitalist class.[4]
On the matter of intermittency, Renewables, including especially wind and solar are effected by the availability of the wind and the position of the sun, but evidence shows that the intermittency problem is overstated and solvable by increased robustness of the grid.[5]
There also seems to be a happy coincidence that the peak solar generation times occur when the wind is stagnant and vice versa. Finally, when excess power is generated and not needed, there are a plethora of storage options available, including electric car batteries which are generally (erroneously) regarded as a drain on the grid rather than a buttress for it!
To be certain, fossil fuel and nuke plants also suffer from intermittency primarily due to peak loads and maintenance issues not inherent in renewables.
The argument that renewable energy isn't cost effective or is too expensive has been thoroughly debunked [6, 7, 8] and any socialist worth their salt knows that fossil fuels and nuclear fission power are the beneficiaries of massive state subsidies that renewables do not currently receive, and yet they're cost effective in spite of that.[9]
The claim that renewables actually require fossil fuels (or nukes) to back them up (thus making the former dependent on the latter) is also a myth [10] based on the "intermittency" misconception which I have addressed. The claim has often been made that wind and solar cannot provide baseload power (thus requiring fossil fuels or nukes) is likewise false [11, 12] and in fact the opposite is true. Renewables actually reduce the need for fossil and nuke based baseload and peaker plant power (which already exist due to the intermittency of fossil fuels and nukes) [13, 14].
And David Walter's claim that renewables are not resulting in the scaling down of fossil fuels is utterly false. [15]
Nuclear power advocates often argue that nuclear power "creates jobs", but this argument doesn't pan out. First of all, most of the time the "creates / provides jobs" claim actually is capitalist newspeak for "generates profits", and furthermore, studies show that renewables generate far more permanent direct jobs than any conventional energy sources [16, 17] and in fact, renewables create enough jobs to generate full or near full employment, something the capitalist class--which depends heavily on the reserve army of the unemployed--cannot and will not tolerate.
This gets to the heart of the matter. The capitalists--for the most part--support nuclear power. We don't witness multi-billion dollar corporate interests like the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) or reactionary think tanks (like the Heritage Foundation or Cato Institute) engaging in covert subterfuge against nuclear power the way they do against climate science or renewable energy. [18] That's because nuclear power doesn't represent the same type of potential threat to capitalism as renewable energy does.
At worst, nuclear power could be used by states (such as Iran) not within the satellite orbit of major capitalist powers (like the US) to possibly develop relative energy independence (and possibly, though far less likely, nuclear weapons). However, the capitalist class has long been able to handle the challenge of nonaligned states developing nuclear power and weapons. They're far less prepared for energy sources that lend themselves much more easily to the dissolution of their dominant economic model, which renewables do.
The great advantage renewables have that conventional sources do not is the ability to scale them for localized, distributed generation at relatively cheap cost, thus allowing formerly dependent end users to declare independence from the yoke of centralized energy producers.
This is already happening with solar on a large scale and much more rapidly than anyone anticipated. That's why we're seeing utilities--whose very existence (which depends upon state sanctioned monopoly capitalism) is being threatened by the rapid growth of rooftop solar [19] and crowd sourced community energy projects--do everything they can to hold it back by attempting to force ratepayers to pay increased grid maintenance fees and to outlaw "net metering". In fact, the capitalists are publishing very frightened sounding position papers [20] questioning whether or not centralized, for profit utilities are even a viable model anymore! [21]
This is happening due to the fact that solar and wind power are "disruptive" technologies, meaning that by their nature they induce a reshuffling of business as usual. What makes these renewable technologies so disruptive is the ability at which they can be scaled as largely or as small as possible--given the particular requirements (or limitations) of specific installations--and interlinked to the grid.
Conventional power sources cannot be scaled thusly and only make economic sense in large, centralized facilities. Even theoretical new technologies, such as breeder reactors and fusion reactors are not scalable as renewables are.
I concede that even though capitalism tends toward monopoly, by themselves disruptive technologies do not necessarily threaten its existence. Capital has proven quite adept at withstanding and controlling other disruptive technologies, such as electricity, automobiles, computers, the Internet, and cellular phones. One difference between then and now, however, is that none of those previous disruptions ever occurred at a time of great economic stagnation as now, nor was the very existence of life on earth ever as much at stake as it is currently.
Worse, still, for the capitalist class is the looming problem of the carbon bubble. There is increasing evidence that a major day of reckoning at hand, because if the human civilization is to avoid certain climate catastrophe resulting from an increase in global temperature beyond the already dangerous 2 degrees Celsius we've already passed (but could theoretically reverse), almost 80 percent of known fossil fuel reserves will have to remain in the ground. However, the value of those reserves is priced on the basis that 100 percent of them will be extracted! And we're talking about hundreds of trillions of US dollars here.
Fear of this carbon bubble (and not "peak oil" as Richard Heinberg and his ilk are suggesting) is a major factor behind the coal, fracking, and tar sands mining booms. It's also behind climate change denial and opposition to pro-renewable measures like feed-in-tariffs, net metering, and renewables production tax credits. If you look carefully, you will find the same ultra reactionary puppet masters (such as ALEC) funding the reaction to the growing popular opposition to business as usual. They have every reason to do so; after all, it's their assets that risk being stranded! [22]
Therefore, the capitalist class has every incentive to deny climate change and undermine confidence in viable alternatives (like renewables), because their very existence is at stake. As we have seen, this is exactly what they're doing with renewables and climate change, but not with nuclear power!
If anything, most of the same forces that are fighting to deny climate change and hold back renewables are also pushing nuclear power. That should tell us something about its potential utility as a source of power.
David Walters might argue that under socialism, none of the problems with nuclear power that currently exist would continue to do so under socialism. Granted, many of them could be minimized, but as already discussed, they can't be eliminated outright.
Furthermore--and this is where many socialists might disagree with my own, green-syndicalist, perspective--there is an inherent problem with nuclear power that traditional socialism cannot address, and that is its technocratic nature.
Nuclear power is a highly specialized and highly centralized technology. It's also very risky work. requires advanced systems to keep it running, highly skilled and trained workers to make it function.
It is entirely possible, even desirable, to have highly specialized technicians in a socialist society when necessary, but if less specialized, less risky alternatives are available, why spend the effort needlessly?
While we'd all like to think that the elimination of capitalism would eliminate the possibility of elite concentrations of power from forming, there's no guarantee that it will. Having access to the ability to devastate millions of lives deliberately (or even accidentally) is not something that should be granted under any circumstance.
The capitalists recognize the strategic danger in letting nuclear power "fall into the wrong hands" and will no doubt do anything and everything to prevent revolutionary forces from gaining access to it should a revolutionary situation develop. They cannot prevent revolutionaries from retaining access to electricity if it's powered by distributed renewable sources. Already there are far too many of them.
And why should we waste all of our time and resources trying to capture nuclear power plants when we could use that effort far more effectively to simply help the spread of renewables and fight to nationalize the electricity grid?
Now, I'm not suggesting that renewables are 100 percent clean. They're not. The extraction of materials, their manufacture, and transportation still has an impact on the environment. And in the case of wind power, there is an impact on wildlife, including especially birds and bats (though the effects are vastly overstated [23] and it needs to be pointed out that all other, non-renewable sources as well as many other factors, including natural predators have a much larger effect on these same birds and bats). All of these factors can (and are) being addressed with renewables. This is not the case with nuclear power.
Furthermore, the businesses that manufacture, distribute, market, or install renewable energy equipment are no less capitalistic in their outlook than the fossil fuel and nuclear capitalists. Like the other members of their class, they're motivated by the same class interests and will act accordingly. They engage in class exploitation, including union busting, no less than their fossil fuel and nuclear brethren.
However the cumulative effect of distributed energy generation will entice the renewable energy sector to act in ways that will (and already is) exposing deep divisions within the capitalist class--divisions that we socialists and anarchists ignore at our peril. Renewables can be easy delinked from capitalism relative to fossil fuels and nuclear power.
And even if the risks of nuclear mishaps can be minimized, there's a chance they could still happen and kill millions, or even billions. No such risk exists with renewables.
I therefore grant that it is theoretically possible for conventional nuclear fission power to play some positive role in a post capitalist society, but I have yet to have that proven to me and David Walters's "defense" doesn't even come close to the target.
Notes
[1] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/renewable-energy-only-represents-a-tiny-bit-of-our-power-supply-and-will-never-be-able-to-meet-americas-power-needs-renewables-will-always-be-a-fringe-technology-only-powering-a-handful-of/
[2] http://ecology.iww.org/node/2
[3] http://cleantechnica.com/70-80-99-9-100-renewables-study-central
[4] http://ecology.iww.org/texts/RTNA/HoodwinkedintheHothouse
[5] http://cleantechnica.com/2013/08/12/intermittency-of-wind-and-solar-is-it-only-intermittently-a-problem/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IM-cleantechnica+%28CleanTechnica%29
[6] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/renewable-energy-is-too-expensive-and-drives-up-electricity-and-fuel-prices/
[7] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/wind-energy-is-too-expensive-and-cant-compete-with-other-sources-of-electricity/"
[8] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/offshore-wind-energy-is-too-expensive-and-cant-compete-with-traditional-power-sources-to-help-meet-our-energy-needs/"
[9] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/even-with-massive-subsidies-renewable-energy-technology-cannot-survive-renewables-have-been-getting-subsidies-for-years-now-they-should-be-able-to-stand-on-their-own/
[10] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/renewable-energy-is-unreliable-and-must-be-continually-backed-up-by-fossil-fuels-for-times-when-the-wind-doesnt-blow-and-the-sun-doesnt-shine/
[11] http://www.earthtechling.com/2013/09/southwest-wind-power-reducing-baseload-capacity/
[12] http://yes2renewables.org/2013/09/27/higher-wind-generation-in-the-u-s-southwest-power-pool-is-reducing-use-of-baseload-capacity/"
[13] href="http://yes2renewables.org/2013/09/23/wind-farms-cut-coal-capacity-factors/
[14] http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2013/10/do-solar-and-wind-cause-power-plants-to-release-more-pollution-no-says-nrel?cmpid=rss
[15] http://cleantechnica.com/2013/08/19/graph-how-wind-power-displaced-coal-power-in-spain/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IM-cleantechnica+%28CleanTechnica%29
[16] http://ecology.iww.org/node/10
[17] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/renewable-energy-doesnt-create-jobs-and-raises-electricity-costs-3
[18] http://ecology.iww.org/node/228
[19] http://thinkprogress.org.feedsportal.com/c/34726/f/638927/s/302fbda3/sc/29/l/0Lthinkprogress0Borg0Cclimate0C20A130C0A80C20A0C24921210Cutilities0Eafraid0Erooftop0Esolar0C/story01.htm
[20] http://blog.cleanenergy.org/2013/09/05/why-the-u-s-power-grids-days-are-numbered/
[21] http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Smartgridnewscom/~3/_LHR7I-bE7E/Citibank-Utilities-are-dinosaurs-waiting-to-die-6086.html
[22] http://www.carbontracker.org/news/stranded-assets-apporaching-a-tipping-point?
[23] http://www.energyfactcheck.org/slideshow/wind-farms-are-a-threat-to-bird-populations-and-their-harmful-effect-on-bird-populations-is-only-getting-worse-as-more-wind-farms-are-built/"
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